Announcement PDF Management Discussion & Analysis for the three and six months ended 30 April 2026 The following discussion and analysis of the financial position and results of operations and comprehensive loss for Mont Royal Resources Limited. (the “Company” or “Mont Royal”) should be read in conjunction with the condensed interim financial statements for the three and six months ended 30 April, 2026, which are prepared using accounting policies consistent with IFRS Accounting Standards (“IFRS”) and International Accounting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and Interpretations (collectively, “IFRS Accounting Standards”). All financial figures presented herein are expressed in Australian dollars (AUD$) unless otherwise specified. CHANGE IN PRESENTATION CURRENCY Commerce Resources Corp. has had a CAD functional currency and previously reported in CAD. During the previous financial year ended 31 October 2025, following the transaction with Mont Royal Resources Limited, the Group voluntarily changed its presentation currency from Canadian Dollars (CAD) to Australian Dollars (AUD) in accordance with AASB 108 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors. All comparative financial information for the 30 April 2026 consolidated interim report, previously reported in Canadian dollars has been amended into AUD using the procedures outlined below: • The consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and consolidated statement of cash flows have been translated to AUD using average exchange rates for the year, being CAD/AUD exchange rate of 0.8993 for the comparative six months ended 30 April 2025 and CAD/AUD exchange rate of 0.8955 for the comparative three months ended 30 April 2025; • The equity section of the consolidated statement of financial position has been translated into AUD using historical exchange rates; and • All disclosures, including loss-per-share disclosures, have also been amended to AUD. The effective date of this report is June 12, 2026. NATURE OF BUSINESS Mont Royal is a mineral exploration and development company, dual-listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (“ASX”) and the TSX Venture Exchange ("TSXV"), trading under the symbol "MRZ". The Company’s primary focus is on rare earth elements (“REE”), and its principal assets are the Ashram Rare Earth & Fluorspar Project, the Eldor Niobium Project, and the Northern Lights Project in Quebec. The technical information included in this Management Discussion & Analysis (“MD&A”), unless otherwise stated, has been reviewed by Marie-Pier Boivin, M.Sc., P. Geo., Ms. Boivin is a Qualified Person under National Instrument 43-101 (“NI 43-101”). - 2 - CORPORATE UPDATES On October 22, 2025, Mont Royal announced the successful completion of the merger with Commerce Resources by way of a Canadian statutory plan of arrangement, with Mont Royal acquiring 100% of the issued and outstanding common shares of Commerce. The merger establishes Mont Royal as a leading player in the critical minerals company with a core focus on the 100%-owned Ashram Rare Earth and Fluorspar Deposit in Québec, Canada – one of the largest monazite-mineralized carbonatite-hosted REE deposits in North America. Mont Royal completed a strongly supported A$10 million capital raising, ensuring the merged entity is well funded to progress development activities and strategic engagement to advance the Ashram Project. Mont Royal has also completed a share consolidation on a 0.2195-for-1 basis, with all options adjusted as per Listing Rule 7.22. On November 5, 2025, Mont Royal re-commenced trading on the ASX and TSXV under the ticker symbol “MRZ” on following completion of the merger with Commerce, ensuring strong market access for investors in both Australia and North America. On 26 February 2026, the Company announced that its wholly owned subsidiary, Commerce Resources, received an extension of the conditional approval first announced on February 6, 2025 for a revised road strategy, with conditional funding of up to a total of C$2,606,977 from Natural Resources Canada’s (NRCan) Critical Minerals Infrastructure Fund (CMIF), to progress access road studies for the Company’s 100%-owned Ashram Rare Earths and Fluorspar Project in Nunavik, Quebec. This extended conditional approval remains subject to completion of due diligence and the execution of a formal agreement. On April 7, 2026, the Company announced the nomination of Constantine Karayannopoulos to its advisory board. Mr. Karayannopoulos, BASc, MASc, P.Eng., is an experienced executive and professional engineer with more than 30 years of senior leadership roles in the rare earth elements, critical minerals, and advanced materials sectors. He has held senior executive and board roles across mining, processing and downstream materials businesses globally. The Company intends to appoint further members to the Advisory Board in the near term. On 9 June 2026, the Company issued 600,000 unlisted options with an exercise price of A$0.30 per share expiring 3 years after issue to consultants under the incentive plan. - 3 - EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES The company’s principal development focus is the Ashram Rare Earth & Fluorspar Project, one of the largest monazite-mineralised, carbonatite-hosted rare earth deposits in North America, located in the Nunavik region of Québec. The portfolio also includes the Eldor Niobium Project, located immediately adjacent to Ashram, and the Northern Lights Lithium Project, located in the world-class James Bay region of Québec, creating a diversified platform aligned the global clean energy transition. Figure 1: Location of the Ashram REE & Fluorspar Project, the Northern Lights Project and the Port of Saguenay. ELDOR PROPERTY The Eldor Property is situated in northern Quebec approximately 130 km south of the town of Kuujjuaq. The Property is 100%-owned by the Company and is composed of 244 claims comprising approximately 11,475 hectares, including the Ashram Rare Earth and Fluorspar Deposit (“Ashram Deposit”). The Ashram Deposit remains open to the north, south, and at depth. The deposit’s mineralized footprint is approximately 700 m along strike, over 350 m across, and 600 m deep. NORTHERN LIGHTS The Northern Lights Project encompasses a 536km2 land package and includes the 75%-owned Northern Lights Assets and the Eastmain Léran Project, where Mont Royal holds an option to acquire 75% ownership. MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATE On May 22, 2024, the Company announced an updated mineral resource estimate (“MRE”) for the Ashram Rare Earth and Fluorspar Deposit. The updated MRE firmly establishes Ashram as a globally significant rare earth element deposit, and one of the largest monazite-mineralized carbonatite REE deposits in the world: 73.2 Mt at 1.89% TREO and 6.6% CaF2 (indicated), and 131.1 Mt at 1.91% TREO and 4.0% CaF2 (inferred), at a cut-off of $287 Net Metal Return (NMR) per tonne with an Effective Date of April 4, 2024. Mineral resources are not mineral reserves as they do not have demonstrated economic viability. The Ashram MRE demonstrates very high NdPr distributions (i.e., percent of neodymium plus praseodymium - 4 - oxide of the TREO) for a carbonatite hosted deposit at 21.2% NdPr (indicated) and 21.4% NdPr (inferred), exceeding that of several active global producers. ASHRAM PRELIMINARY ECONOMIC STUDY (PEA) On 9 June 2026, the Company released an updated Preliminary Economic Assessment (“PEA”) for its 100%-owned Ashram Rare Earths and Fluorspar Project located in Nunavik, Québec, Canada. The PEA was completed by Altris Engineering (“Altris”) in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (“NI 43-101”) in collaboration with the following specialist firms: • Altris Engineering • BBA Inc. (BBA) • PLR Resources Inc. (PLR) • DRA Americas Inc. (DRA) • L3 Process Development (L3) • ASDR Canada Inc. • TALA Geotec • Norda Stelo Inc. The updated study incorporated significant optimisation work completed since prior economic studies, including: • revised mining and processing assumptions; • optimisation of transportation and logistics pathways; • incorporation of a proposed hydrometallurgical processing facility in Saguenay, Québec; • updated infrastructure assumptions; and • revised engineering and metallurgical inputs. The PEA highlights the potential for Ashram to become a major long-term supplier of rare earth products into Western and allied critical mineral supply chains. Ashram is one of the largest monazite-hosted rare earth deposits in North America and contains a favourable distribution of magnet rare earth elements, including neodymium and praseodymium (“NdPr”), which are critical components used in EVs, permanent magnets, wind turbines, robotics, semi- conductors, aerospace technologies and defence applications. The Economic Summary and metrics for the project are shown below in Error! Reference source not found. and Error! Reference source not found.. TABLE 1. UPDATED PEA – ECONOMIC SUMMARY Economic Metrics Unit Value LOM Revenue CAD M 24,638 LOM EBITDA CAD M 15,460 EBITDA Margin % 62.7% LOM Undiscounted Post-Tax Cashflow CAD M 8,365 NPV8% post-tax (real) CAD M 2,026 NPV8% pre-tax (real) CAD M 3,440 - 5 - IRR post-tax (real) % 22.0% IRR pre-tax (real) % 25.6% Post-Tax Payback years 3.9 TABLE 2. OPERATING COST PROFILE Unit Cost Metric Unit Value C1 Cash Cost CAD/kg saleable REO 17.99 AISC CAD/kg saleable REO 18.58 FLOTATION TEST WORK OPTIMISATION PROGRAM Mont Royal also recommenced metallurgical flotation test work on the Ashram Project. Auralia Metallurgy, in Australia, received bulk samples of mineralised material in December 2025. This work is to build on the previous results achieved by SGS Lakefield campaign which provided high-grade rare earth mineral concentrate of 36% REO. The program will further evaluate the potential to produce a commercial fluorspar (CaF2) concentrate and incorporate this potential high-value by-product opportunity into the Stage 1 flowsheet. It will also produce additional concentrate both for further Hydromet test work optimisation and to undertake test work utilising new and alternative processing technology groups. REVIEW OF FLUORSPAR POTENTIAL AT THE MALLARD PROSPECT On May 26, 2026, the Company announced an update on the fluorspar (CaF₂) potential identified within historical niobium-focused drilling at the Mallard Prospect, located approximately 1.4 km southeast of the Ashram Deposit within the Eldor Carbonatite Complex, Québec. A review of historical drilling (2008, 2010 and 2024 campaigns) confirmed a discrete fluorite-bearing system, now named the "Flux" Fluorite Zone, hosted as high-grade intervals (>15% to 39.8% CaF₂) within dolomite carbonatite with associated modest niobium mineralization. Reported length-weighted intercepts (CaF₂ derived from fluorine assays using a 2.055 conversion factor) include 32.4 m @ 26.1% CaF₂ and 0.4% Nb₂O₅ from 203.9 m (EC10-033, incl. 5.0 m @ 38.8% CaF₂); 29.0 m @ 21.7% CaF₂ from 275.0 m (EC10-040, incl. 6.6 m @ 39.8% CaF₂); 24.8 m @ 35.8% CaF₂ from 221.7 m (EC24-209); and 10.9 m @ 38.5% CaF₂ from 275.7 m (EC24-211). The interpreted zone measures at least 80 m along strike and 150 m down-dip and remains open in multiple directions. As historical drilling targeted niobium and did not consistently assay for fluorine, management considers the zone to represent material fluorspar upside and intends to undertake a follow- up drill program to target expansion and delineation. These results are based on previously reported data referenced in the Company's 2018 NI 43-101 Technical Report. No mineral resource or reserve is currently estimated for the Flux Fluorite Zone, and the Company cautions that the results are exploration-stage and do not yet demonstrate economic viability. - 6 - Figure 2. Plan view of Ashram REE & Fluorspar Deposit, the nearby niobium Mallard Prospect and Flux Fluorite Zone Figure 3. Select cross-section (15 m cross- section slice width) highlighting historical fluorspar drill intercepts within the Mallard Prospect area. - 7 - SELECTED ANNUAL INFORMATION The following is a summary of the financial data of the Company for the last completed fiscal year ends and are derived from the audited annual financial statements of the Company: FISCAL YEAR ENDED OCTOBER 31 2025 2024 2023 Restated Restated $ $ $ Total Revenues Nil Nil Nil Net loss (6,632,516) (34,710,705) (1,529,145) Net loss (per share, basic and diluted) (5.96) (34.36) (0.02) Total assets 73,811,172 59,930,597 87,876,487 Total long-term financial liabilities 17,647 62,058 107,599 Cash dividend declared per share Nil Nil Nil The Company has recorded losses in each of its three most recently completed fiscal years and expects to continue to record losses until such time as an economic resource is identified, developed, and brought into profitable commercial operation on one or more of the Company’s properties or otherwise disposed of at a profit. The loss for the year ended October 31, 2025, was lower than the year ended October 31, 2024, because of the loss on sale of Blue River Property of $31,636,648 ($Nil in 2025). DESCRIPTION AS AT 30 APRIL 2026 AS AT 31 OCTOBER 2025 $ $ Cash and cash equivalents (a) 4,794,187 10,165,403 Total assets (a) 64,455,390 73,811,172 Total liabilities (b) 374,917 4,683,814 (a) The variations in total assets and cash and cash equivalents are mostly related to normal activities of the Company during the period that are mainly expensed as related to the merger with Commerce, and the payment of accounts payable. (b) The decrease in the liabilities is mostly due to the payment of accounts payable following the October 2025 financing. THREE MONTHS ENDED 30 APRIL 2026 AND 2025 DESCRIPTION THREE MONTHS ENDED 30 APRIL 2026 THREE MONTHS ENDED 30 APRIL 20251 $ $ Net loss and comprehensive loss 2,542,452 2,136,065 Basic and diluted loss per share 0.41 1.20 1 Refer to Change in presentation currency note on p1 for further details. During the three months ended 30 April 2026, and 2025, the significant variations included in Net loss were the following: - 8 - THREE MONTHS ENDED 30 APRIL 2026 THREE MONTHS ENDED 30 APRIL 2025 $ $ Corporate expenses (i) 291,628 675,634 Foreign currency translation (ii) (1,745,876) (834,683) (i) The corporate expenses are higher for the period ended 30 April 2025 in relation to the merger transaction between Mont Royal Limited and Commerce Resources. (ii) The foreign currency translation depends on the foreign exchange rate as at 30 April 2026 and the average rate for the period. SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 APRIL 2026 AND 2025 DESCRIPTION SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 APRIL 2026 SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 APRIL 20251 $ $ Net loss and comprehensive loss 5,942,125 2,486,676 Basic and diluted loss per share 1.09 2.21 1 Refer to Change in presentation currency note on p1 for further details. During the six months ended 30 April 2026, and 2025, the significant variations included in Net loss were the following: SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 APRIL 2026 SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 APRIL 2025 $ $ Employee benefits expense (i) 355,542 917,034 Corporate expenses (ii) 539,630 940,098 Share-based payment expense 895,240 121,763 Foreign currency translation (iii) (1,745,876) (834,683) (i) The employee benefits expense was higher for the period ended 30 April, 2025 as is includes a severance payment and more employees. (ii) The corporate expenses are higher for the period ended 30 April 2025 in relation to the merger transaction between Mont Royal Limited and Commerce Resources. (iii) The share-based payment expense is related to the vesting of PSU’s as there were no PSU’s in 2025. (iv) The foreign currency translation depends on the foreign exchange rate as at 30 April 2026 and the average rate for the period. - 9 - SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS The following is a summary of the results from the eight previously completed financial quarters: April 30, 2026 January 31, 2026 October 31, 2025 July 31, 20252 Revenues Nil Nil Nil Nil Net income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) (2,542,452) (3,399,673) n.a.1 (1,164,219) Basic and diluted net income (loss) (per share) (0.41) (0.68) 0.00 0.01 April 30, 2025 Restated1 January 31, 2025 Restated1 October 31, 20242 July 31, 20242 Revenues Nil Nil Nil Nil Net income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) (2,136,065) (350,611) 220,567 (28,302,079) Basic and diluted net income (loss) (per share) 1.20 (1.01) 0.00 (0.16) 1 Refer to Change in presentation currency note on p1 for further details. 2 These quarters are as previously reported, in Canadian dollars. For future releases, the restated previous quarters will be updated. Restated annual loss was $6,632,516 ($34,710,705 for the year ended October 31, 2024). Over the course of the Company’s previously completed eight quarters, the Company’s net loss has remained at a consistent level, with the exception of the share-based payments expense recorded during the quarters ended January 31, 2026, April 30, 2025 and July 31, 2025, the impairment of the Blue River Property during the quarter ended July 31, 2024, and the flow-through premium recovery during the quarter ended October 31, 2024. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES As at 30 April 2026, the Company has total assets of $64,455,390 (October 31, 2025: $73,811,172). The primary assets of the Company are exploration and evaluation assets of $56,335,515 (October 31, 2025: $59,378,995), prepaid expenses of $617,765 (October 31, 2025: $510,714) and cash of $4,794,187 (October 31, 2025: $10,165,403). The Company has a working capital of $7,630,123 (October 31, 2025: $9,626,153) as at April 30 2026. The Company’s property is in the exploration stage only. Development of the property will only follow upon obtaining satisfactory results. Exploration and development of natural resources involve a high degree of risk and few properties which are explored are ultimately developed into producing properties. There is no assurance that the Company’s exploration and development activities will result in any discoveries of mineral deposits amenable to commercial development. The long-term profitability of the Company’s operations will be in part directly related to the cost and success of its exploration programs, which may be affected by a number of factors. Proceeds are raised for the specific purpose of advancing the Company’s exploration properties and for general working capital purposes. The Company believes it will be able to raise the capital required to continue to develop these properties. The Company does not have any specific work commitments or property payments, all work on the property is determined by how to best spend the funds raised, taking into consideration the Company’s working capital requirements. The Company has maintained reasonable general and administrative expenditures, with advertising and promotion of the property dependent on the capital available to cover such expenditures. - 10 - CASH FLOWS PROVIDED BY (USED IN) SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 APRIL 2026 SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 APRIL 2025 $ $ Operating activities (4,564,180) (849,335) Investment activities (685,779) (1,382,132) Financing activities (116,698) (24,019) Change in cash and cash equivalents (5,366,657) (2,255,486) Cash Used in Operating Activities: Cash was mostly spent on general operating expenses, outstanding payables, and prepaid expenses related to advances for the Company’s field work program and adjusted for items not involving cash. Cash Used in Investing Activities: Total cash used in investing activities during the period relates to the exploration and development of its mineral properties, which was lower in 2026 due to the closing of the transaction with Commerce closed in October. Cash From Financing Activities: Total cash from financing activities during the period was higher in 2026 due to the share issuance costs relating to the financing and the merger transaction. TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES The Company’s related parties include key management personnel (KMP) and entities over which they have control or significant influence as described below. KMP COMPENSATION The aggregate compensation made to directors and other members of key management personnel of the consolidated entity is set out below: Consolidated Restated Six months ended 30 Apr 2026 Six months ended 30 Apr 2025 Short-term employee benefits 334,451 507,735 Post-employment benefits 40,123 - Share-based payments 771,875 121,763 1,146,449 629,498 - 11 - TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES The following transactions occurred with related parties: Consolidated Restated1 Six months ended 30 Apr 2026 Six months ended 30 Apr 2025 $ $ PAYMENT FOR GOODS AND SERVICES: Payment for geological services to Dahrouge Geological Consulting, a related party of Jody Dahrouge (former director of Commerce Resources Corp.) - 78,043 Payment for advisory fees and office rental charges to Churchill Strategic Investments, a related party of Jeremy Robinson and Cameron Henry 84,950 120,686 RECEIVABLE FROM AND PAYABLE TO RELATED PARTIES The following balances are outstanding at the reporting date in relation to transactions with related parties: Consolidated 30 Apr 2026 31 Oct 2025 $ $ Current receivables: Funds owed in relation to exercise of options on 30 October 2025 from Churchill Strategic Investments, a related party of Jeremy Robinson and Cameron Henry - 434,901 Current payables: Payment for finders fees, advisory fees and office rental charges to Churchill Strategic Investments, a related party of Jeremy Robinson and Cameron Henry - 52,260 LOANS TO/FROM RELATED PARTIES There were no loans to or from related parties at the current and previous reporting date. TERMS AND CONDITIONS All transactions were made on normal commercial terms and conditions and at market rates. - 12 - NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS NOT YET MANDATORY OR EARLY ADOPTED Australian Accounting Standards and Interpretations that have recently been issued or amended but are not yet mandatory, have not been early adopted by the consolidated entity for the annual reporting period ended 31 October 2025 and the quarterly report ended April 30, 2026. The Group's assessment of the impact of these new or amended Accounting Standards and Interpretations, most relevant to the Group, are set out below. AASB 18 PRESENTATION AND DISCLOSURE IN FINANCIAL STATEMENTS This standard is applicable to annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2027 and early adoption is permitted. The standard replaces IAS 1 'Presentation of Financial Statements', with many of the original disclosure requirements retained and there will be no impact on the recognition and measurement of items in the financial statements. But the standard will affect presentation and disclosure in the financial statements, including introducing five categories in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income: operating, investing, financing, income taxes and discontinued operations. The standard introduces two mandatory sub-totals in the statement: 'Operating profit' and 'Profit before financing and income taxes'. There are also new disclosure requirements for 'management-defined performance measures', such as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation ('EBITDA') or 'adjusted profit'. The standard provides enhanced guidance on grouping of information (aggregation and disaggregation), including whether to present this information in the primary financial statements or in the notes. The Group will adopt this standard from 1 July 2027 and it is expected that there will be a significant change to the layout of the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS, ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the financial statements. Management continually evaluates its judgements and estimates in relation to assets, liabilities, contingent liabilities, revenue and expenses. Management bases its judgements, estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on other various factors, including expectations of future events, management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. The resulting accounting judgements and estimates will seldom equal the related actual results. The judgements, estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities (refer to the respective notes) within the next financial year are discussed below. SHARE-BASED PAYMENT TRANSACTIONS The consolidated entity measures the cost of equity-settled transactions with employees by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments at the date at which they are granted. The fair value is determined by using either the Binomial or Black-Scholes model taking into account the terms and conditions upon which the instruments were granted. The accounting estimates and assumptions relating to equity-settled share-based payments would have no impact on the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next annual reporting period but may impact profit or loss and equity. This estimate also requires determination of the most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including the expected life of the share option, volatility and dividend yield and making assumptions about them. - 13 - EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION COSTS Exploration and evaluation costs have been capitalised on the basis that the consolidated entity has the right to tenure over the area of interest and activities are not at a stage where assessment of the existence of economically recoverable resources can be determined which active operations ongoing or it will commence commercial production in the future, from which time the costs will be amortised in proportion to the depletion of the mineral resources. Key judgements are applied in considering costs to be capitalised which includes determining expenditures directly related to these activities and allocating overheads between those that are expensed and capitalised. In addition, costs are only capitalised that are expected to be recovered either through successful development or sale of the relevant mining interest. Factors that could impact the future commercial production at the mine include the level of reserves and resources, future technology changes, which could impact the cost of mining, future legal changes and changes in commodity prices. To the extent that capitalised costs are determined not to be recoverable in the future, they will be written off in the period in which this determination is made. INVESTMENT IN CAPACITOR METALS CORP. The accounting for investments in other companies can vary depending on the degree of control and influence over those other companies. Management has used its judgment to determine which companies are controlled and require consolidation and those which are significantly influenced and require equity accounting. Management has determined that the Company did have significant influence over Capacitor Metals Corp. Accordingly, the investment in Capacitor Metals Corp. was accounted for as an investment in associate. VALUATION OF THE REFUNDABLE DUTIES CREDIT FOR LOSSES AND THE REFUNDABLE TAX CREDIT FOR RESOURCES The refundable mining duties credit and the refundable tax credit for resources for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from the taxation authorities using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the statement of financial position date. Uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation of tax regulations, including the mining duties credit and the tax credit for resources for which certain expenditures could be disallowed by the taxation authorities in the calculation of credits, and the amount and timing of their collection. The calculation of the Company’s mining duties credit and tax credit for resources necessarily involves a degree of estimation and judgement in respect of certain items whose tax treatment cannot be finally determined until a notice of assessments and payments has been received from the relevant taxation authority. Differences arising between the actual results following the final resolution of some pending items. The amounts recognized in the financial statements are derived from the Company’s best estimation and judgement as described above. However, the inherent uncertainty regarding the outcome of these items means that eventual resolution could differ from the accounting estimates and therefore impact the Company’s financial position and its financial performance and cash flows. OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS There are no off-balance sheet arrangements to which the Company is committed. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS All financial instruments are required to be measured at fair value on initial recognition. The fair value is based on quoted market prices, unless the financial instruments are not traded in an active market. In this case, the fair value is determined by using valuation techniques like discounted cash flows, the Black- - 14 - Scholes option pricing model or other valuation techniques. Measurement in subsequent periods depends on the classification of the financial instrument. A description of financial instruments and their fair value is included in the notes to the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 October 2025, and in the interim unaudited consolidated financial statements for the three months ended 31 January 31, 2026 and 2025, both filed-on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca. CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND COMMITMENTS The Northern Lights Project is subject to various royalty obligations pursuant